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	<title>Varinder Singh</title>
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	<description>&#34;You do not really understand something unless you can explain it to your grandmother.&#34; — Albert Einstein</description>
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		<title>Varinder Singh</title>
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		<title>transparent squid proxy error</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/10/19/tranparent-squid-proxy-error/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/10/19/tranparent-squid-proxy-error/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 20 Oct 2012 00:16:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/10/19/tranparent-squid-proxy-error/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I had setup squid as a transparent proxy. After setting up, still client was not able to access the web page. There was error message logged in by squid server in /var/log/squid3/access.log The error message was NONE/400 3505 GET / &#8211; NONE/- text/html Solution : #vi /etc/squid3/squid.conf put the word &#8220;transparent so the line should [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=822&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I had setup squid as a transparent proxy. After setting up, still client was not able to access the web page. There was error message logged in by squid server in /var/log/squid3/access.log</p>
<p>The error message was</p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#0000ff;">NONE/400 3505 GET / &#8211; NONE/- text/html </span></strong></p>
<p>Solution :</p>
<p>#<span style="color:#0000ff;">vi /etc/squid3/squid.conf</span></p>
<p>put the word &#8220;transparent so the line should look like below</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;">http_port  172.16.26.1:3128 transparent</span></p>
<p>then <span style="color:#0000ff;">/etc/init.d/squid3 restart</span></p>
<p>Every thing is hunky-dory</p>
<p>Have Fun <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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			<media:title type="html">Varinder Singh</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Recovering or troubleshooting GRUB2 prompt in Debian GNU/Linux</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/09/07/revovering-from-grub2-prompt-deabian/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/09/07/revovering-from-grub2-prompt-deabian/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Sep 2012 19:56:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/?p=814</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Due to some reason, I was in need to replace existing HDD with new one. So I cloned it using CloneZilla. It was a GNU/Linux Machine. First of all CloneZilla refuses copy partitions, one after another and flagged error for each of one. I remembered the reason for errors and turned off the machine. Turned [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=814&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Due to some reason, I was in need to replace existing HDD with new one. So I cloned it using CloneZilla. It was a GNU/Linux Machine. First of all CloneZilla refuses copy partitions, one after another and flagged error for each of one. I remembered the reason for errors and turned off the machine. Turned on again and SHUTDOWN properly. The point is, if Machine is not shutdown properly, file system is unclean and  ColneZilla will complaint while cloning. So I fixed that first. Then cloned without any error. But Computer refuses to boot from newly  cloned HDD. It stayed at grub&gt; prompt</p>
<p>Then I did the following to troubleshoot</p>
<p>Step1. grub&gt; set root=(hd0,1)                                       #  / (root) partition was /dev/sda1</p>
<p>Step2. grub&gt; linux  /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda ro</p>
<p>step 3 grub&gt; initrd /initrd.img</p>
<p>step3. grub&gt;boot</p>
<p>Machines rebooted</p>
<p>on the command prompt as a root</p>
<p>#grub-install  /dev/sda<br />
Rebooted again. Its done.</p>
<p>Reference: <a title="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Troubleshooting" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Troubleshooting" target="_blank">https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Troubleshooting</a></p>
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			<media:title type="html">Varinder Singh</media:title>
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		<title>Iptables rules to limit time &amp; quota based access</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/05/21/iptables-rules-to-limit-time-quota-based-acces/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/05/21/iptables-rules-to-limit-time-quota-based-acces/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 May 2012 16:36:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/?p=808</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here are the rules i have add to my GNU/Linux Firewall to limit time and quota for my kids for internet and Xbox live To limit Quota ( I have just allotted 2GB will increase later on) iptables -I FORWARD 5  -s 172.16.0.33 -p tcp -m quota &#8211;quota 2147483648 -j ACCEPT iptables -I FORWARD 6  [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=808&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here are the rules i have add to my GNU/Linux Firewall to limit time and quota for my kids for internet and Xbox live</p>
<h3><strong>To limit Quota ( I have just allotted 2GB will increase later on)</strong></h3>
<p>iptables -I FORWARD 5  -s 172.16.0.33 -p tcp -m quota &#8211;quota 2147483648 -j ACCEPT</p>
<p>iptables -I FORWARD 6  -s 172.16.0.33  -j DROP</p>
<p>For quota ofcourse i have to reset the quota again. I will try to automate it some how</p>
<h3><strong>To limit time</strong></h3>
<p>iptables -I FORWARD 7 -s 172.16.0.33 -p tcp -m multiport &#8211;dport http,https -o eth0 -i eth1     -m time &#8211;timestart 16:00 &#8211;timestop 18:00 &#8211;weekdays Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat,Sun -j ACCEPT</p>
<p>Reference:  <a href="http://linuxgazette.net/108/odonovan.html">http://linuxgazette.net/108/odonovan.htm</a>l</p>
<p>(Above said link had a little typo in time based rule is &#8211;days instead of &#8211;weekdays</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Varinder Singh</media:title>
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		<title>Debian GNU/Linux Nagios3 Bug</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/03/02/784/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/03/02/784/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 03 Mar 2012 01:36:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/?p=784</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I had installed the Nagios3 form package. Installation was fine. I was getting the error message as shown in Screen shot Even making changes for  ACL&#8217;s in Apache conf result noting. Google is always our friend.The link shown below explained about the bug. http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=626462 I have changed file as shown Added the index.html in /etc/apache2/conf.d/nagios3.conf. [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=784&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I had installed the Nagios3 form package. Installation was fine. I was getting the error message as shown in Screen shot</p>
<p><a href="http://varinderjhand.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/screenshot-11.png"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-798" title="Screenshot-1" src="http://varinderjhand.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/screenshot-11.png?w=590&#038;h=323" alt="" width="590" height="323" /></a></p>
<p>Even making changes for  ACL&#8217;s in Apache conf result noting.</p>
<p>Google is always our friend.The link shown below explained about the bug.</p>
<p><a href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=626462">http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=626462</a></p>
<p>I have changed file as shown</p>
<p>Added the index.html in /etc/apache2/conf.d/nagios3.conf. So the line should be</p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>DirectoryIndex index.php  index.html</strong></span></p>
<p>not</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">DirectoryIndex index.php</span></p>
<p><a href="http://varinderjhand.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/screenshot-21.png"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-796" title="Screenshot-2" src="http://varinderjhand.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/screenshot-21.png?w=590" alt=""   /></a></p>
<p>/etc/init.d/apache2 restart</p>
<p>Done!</p>
<p>Have Fun</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Varinder Singh</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Screenshot-1</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://varinderjhand.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/screenshot-21.png" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Screenshot-2</media:title>
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		<title>Ucarp setup for Debian Squeeze</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/02/20/ucarp-setup-for-debain-squeeze/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/02/20/ucarp-setup-for-debain-squeeze/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Feb 2012 05:16:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/?p=778</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It was easy Do the following on both  Load Balancers ( I did it on Nginx LBs) 1. apt-get install ucarp 2. vi  /etc/network/interfaces and append the lines starting from ucarp-vid 3 3. replace password and ip (192.168.69.11) with your own 4. Reboot I have followed the link below. Tested it by shutting down both [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=778&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It was easy</p>
<p>Do the following on both  Load Balancers ( I did it on Nginx LBs)</p>
<p>1. apt-get install ucarp</p>
<p>2. vi  /etc/network/interfaces and append the lines starting from ucarp-vid 3</p>
<p><a href="http://varinderjhand.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/screenshot-1.png"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-779" title="Screenshot-1" src="http://varinderjhand.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/screenshot-1.png?w=590" alt=""   /></a></p>
<p>3. replace password and ip (192.168.69.11) with your own</p>
<p>4. Reboot</p>
<p>I have followed the link below. Tested it by shutting down both Load Balancers one by one.</p>
<p>Will dig more in to it. It is Awesome!.</p>
<p>Reference <a href="http://forsetti.wordpress.com/2011/09/10/ucarp-and-squeeze/">http://forsetti.wordpress.com/2011/09/10/ucarp-and-squeeze/</a></p>
<p>Have Fun <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Varinder Singh</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">Screenshot-1</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>GNU/Linux Screen Utility</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/02/19/gnulinux-screen-utility/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2012/02/19/gnulinux-screen-utility/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Feb 2012 23:15:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/?p=775</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[screen command refrence nice link http://aperiodic.net/screen/quick_reference &#160; Have FUN &#160;<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=775&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>screen command refrence nice link</p>
<p><a href="http://aperiodic.net/screen/quick_reference">http://aperiodic.net/screen/quick_reference</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Have FUN <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Varinder Singh</media:title>
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		<title>Powering on the virtual machine fails with the error: The file specified is not a virtual disk</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2011/12/19/powering-on-the-virtual-machine-fails-with-the-error-the-file-specified-is-not-a-virtual-disk/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2011/12/19/powering-on-the-virtual-machine-fails-with-the-error-the-file-specified-is-not-a-virtual-disk/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Dec 2011 03:02:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[virtual machine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vmdk]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/?p=768</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It happens to when I have migrated the Virtual Machine from One network to another. I followed the procedure as mentioned in the link listed below http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&#38;cmd=displayKC&#38;externalId=1016838 This issue occurs when the .vmdk descriptor file is corrupt or missing. I my case it was corrupt. Follow the Resolution heading in above said link. The step [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=768&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It happens to when I have migrated the Virtual Machine from One network to another. I followed the procedure as mentioned in the link listed below</p>
<p><a title="http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&amp;cmd=displayKC&amp;externalId=1016838" href="http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&amp;cmd=displayKC&amp;externalId=1016838">http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&amp;cmd=displayKC&amp;externalId=1016838</a></p>
<p>This issue occurs when the .vmdk descriptor file is corrupt or missing. I my case it was corrupt.</p>
<p>Follow the Resolution heading in above said link. The step by step  procedure is given in the link below</p>
<p><a title="http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&amp;cmd=displayKC&amp;externalId=1002511" href="http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&amp;cmd=displayKC&amp;externalId=1002511">http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&amp;cmd=displayKC&amp;externalId=1002511</a></p>
<p>In step 3 Instead of     <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Courier New;">scsi1.virtualDev = <strong>&#8220;lsilogic&#8221;</strong></span></span></p>
<p>My Virtual server show me  scsi1.virtualDev = <strong>&#8220;lsilogic1068&#8243;</strong></p>
<p><strong></strong>So the corresponding command ( <span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Courier New;">vmkfstools -c <strong>4294967296</strong> -a <strong>lsilogic</strong> -d thin temp.vmdk</span></span> ) does not work for me. But i had  replaced the  <strong>lsilogic1068</strong> with <strong>lsilogic </strong>in command and it works fine<strong>.</strong> Rest is same and i followed step by step<strong><br />
</strong></p>
<p>It works awesome!</p>
<p>Have FUN!</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Varinder Singh</media:title>
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		<title>Nginx as a Load Balancer</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2011/10/22/nginx-as-reverse-proxy-and-load-balancer/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2011/10/22/nginx-as-reverse-proxy-and-load-balancer/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 23 Oct 2011 04:49:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/?p=760</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It is very basic setup of Nginx as a  load balancer. I have two Apache servers (web1.meapay.com &#38; web2.meapay.com). Ngnix will act as a load balancer in front of these two servers I have done it on Debian squeeze. So first we have to install nginx package #apt-get install nginx Edit the nginx configuration file. [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=760&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is very basic setup of Nginx as a  load balancer. I have two Apache servers (web1.meapay.com &amp; web2.meapay.com). Ngnix will act as a load balancer in front of these two servers</p>
<p>I have done it on Debian squeeze. So first we have to install nginx package</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;">#apt-get install nginx</span></p>
<p>Edit the nginx configuration file. Before editing,  I have copied the original nginx conf file as default.orig</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;">#cd  /etc/nginx/sites-available/</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;">#/etc/nginx/sites-available# cp default default.orig</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;">#vi  /etc/nginx/sites-available/default</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">upstream mysite {</span><br />
<span style="color:#008000;">                server web1.meapay.com;</span><br />
<span style="color:#008000;">                server web2.meapay.com;</span><br />
<span style="color:#008000;">                }</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">server {</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">        server_name  <a href="http://www.meapay.com:80" rel="nofollow">http://www.meapay.com:80</a>; </span><br />
<span style="color:#008000;">        #listen   [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6</span><br />
<span style="color:#008000;">        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log;</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">        location / {</span><br />
<span style="color:#008000;">                proxy_pass <a href="http://mysite" rel="nofollow">http://mysite</a>;</span><br />
<span style="color:#008000;">                proxy_set_header   Host $host;</span><br />
<span style="color:#008000;">        }</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">}</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;">#/etc/init.d/nginx restart</span></p>
<p>Its done.</p>
<p>Have FUN</p>
<p>Reference:</p>
<p><a title="http://mickeyben.com/blog/2009/12/30/using-nginx-as-a-load-balancer/" href="http://mickeyben.com/blog/2009/12/30/using-nginx-as-a-load-balancer/">http://mickeyben.com/blog/2009/12/30/using-nginx-as-a-load-balancer/</a></p>
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		<title>Mounting RAID array device in /etc/fstab in Debian GNU/Linux</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2011/10/18/mounting-raid-array-device-in-etcfstab-in-debian-gnulinux/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2011/10/18/mounting-raid-array-device-in-etcfstab-in-debian-gnulinux/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Oct 2011 19:03:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/?p=757</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[May be helpful for you while mounting RAID array device in /etc/fstab While making entry in /etc/fstab for newly created RAID device,  we need either device name (/dev/md7) or UUID. I got the UUID using the command #mdadm &#8211;detail /dev/md7 and made the entry in fstab. But it did not worked as per  expectation Searched [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=757&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>May be helpful for you while mounting RAID array device in /etc/fstab</p>
<p>While making entry in /etc/fstab for newly created RAID device,  we need either device name (/dev/md7) or UUID. I got the UUID using the command</p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">#mdadm &#8211;detail /dev/md7</span></p>
<p>and made the entry in fstab. But it did not worked as per  expectation</p>
<p>Searched Google about the problem as usual. I found that we have to use the UUID provided by the following command</p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">#blkid /dev/md7</span></p>
<p>not by the command mdadm. Both UUID are different. It works. I have no idea why they are different. So please if you find please tell me as well.</p>
<p>Have FUN! again</p>
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		<title>Copy GPT Partitioning layout to other hard disk drive</title>
		<link>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2011/10/18/copy-gpt-partitioning-layout-to-other-hard-disk-drive/</link>
		<comments>http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/2011/10/18/copy-gpt-partitioning-layout-to-other-hard-disk-drive/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Oct 2011 18:50:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Varinder Singh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://varinderjhand.wordpress.com/?p=752</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[To copy GPT Partition layout to many drives we need sgdisk. sfdisk cant do that. As of Debian 6.0. Installer does not have sgdisk. So I had rebooted the machine from Gparted live cd. and ran the command given below. Note that the /dev/sdb is destination drive and source is second device(/dev/sda) (exchange them at [&#8230;]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=varinderjhand.wordpress.com&#038;blog=4731945&#038;post=752&#038;subd=varinderjhand&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To copy GPT Partition layout to many drives we need sgdisk. sfdisk cant do that.</p>
<p>As of Debian 6.0. Installer does not have sgdisk. So I had rebooted the machine from Gparted live cd. and ran the command given below.</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">Note that the /dev/sdb is destination drive and source is second device(/dev/sda)</span> (exchange them at your own risk). It will copy partition layout from /dev/sda  to /dev/sdb</p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">#sgdisk -R=/dev/sdb /dev/sda</span></p>
<p>The command below is required coz the first command copy/assign the same GUID to new device. So to assign another random unique GUID run the following command</p>
<p><span style="color:#008000;"><strong>#sgdisk -G /dev/sdb</strong></span></p>
<p>Have FUN!</p>
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